物理

初中化学反应大全

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$\Large{一、物质与氧气的反应}$

$\large{单质}$

1.镁在空气中燃烧：$\text{2Mg＋O}_{\text{2}} \xlongequal[]{点燃}\text{2MgO}$

2.铁在纯氧中燃烧：$\text{3Fe＋2O}_{\text{2}} \xlongequal[]{点燃}\text{Fe}_{\text{3}}\text{O}_{\text{4}}$

3.铜在空气中受热：$\text{2Cu＋O}_{\text{2}} \xlongequal[]{\Delta}\text{2CuO}$

4.铝在空气中燃烧：$\text{4Al＋3O}_{\text{2}} \xlongequal[]{点燃}\text{2Al}_{\text{2}}\text{O}_{\text{3}}$

5.氢气在空气中燃烧：$\text{2H}_{\text{2}}＋\text{O}_{\text{2}} \xlongequal[]{点燃}\text{2H}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

6.红磷在空气中燃烧：$\text{4P＋5O}_{\text{2}} \xlongequal[]{点燃}\text{P}_{\text{2}}\text{O}_{\text{5}}$

7.硫粉在空气中燃烧：$\text{S＋O}_{\text{2}} \xlongequal[]{点燃}\text{SO}_{\text{2}}$

8.碳在氧气中充分燃烧：$\text{C＋O}_{\text{2}} \xlongequal[]{点燃}\text{CO}_{\text{2}}$

9.碳在氧气中不充分燃烧：$\text{2C＋O}_{\text{2}} \xlongequal[]{点燃}\text{2CO}$

$\large{化合物}$

10.一氧化碳在氧气中燃烧：$\text{2CO＋O}_{\text{2}} \xlongequal[]{点燃}\text{2CO}_{\text{2}}$

11.甲烷在空气中燃烧：$\text{CH}_{\text{4}}＋\text{2O}_{\text{2}}\xlongequal[]{点燃}\text{CO}_{\text{2}}＋\text{2H}_\text{2}\text{O}$

12.酒精在空气中燃烧：$\text{C}_{\text{2}}\text{H}_{\text{5}}\text{OH}＋\text{3O}_{\text{2}}\xlongequal[]{点燃}\text{2CO}_{\text{2}}＋\text{3H}_\text{2}\text{O}$

$\Large{二、几个分解反应}$

13.电解水：$\text{2H}_{\text{2}}\text{O} \xlongequal[]{通电}\text{2H}_{\text{2}}\uparrow＋\text{O}_\text{2}\uparrow$

14.加热碱式碳酸铜：$\text{Cu}_{\text{2}}\text{(OH)}_{\text{2}}\text{CO}_\text{3}\xlongequal[]{\Delta}\text{2CuO}＋\text{H}_{\text{2}}\text{O}＋\text{CO}_\text{2}$

15.加热氯酸钾(有少量二氧化锰)：$\text{2KClO}_{\text{2}} \xlongequal[]{\Delta 或\text{MnO}_\text{2}}\text{2KCl}＋\text{3O}_{\text{2}}\uparrow$

16.加热高锰酸钾：$\text{2KMnO}_{\text{4}} \xlongequal[]{\Delta}\text{K}_\text{2}\text{MnO}_{\text{4}}＋\text{MnO}_{\text{2}}＋\text{O}_{\text{2}}\uparrow$

17.碳酸不稳定而分解：$\text{H}_{\text{2}}\text{CO}_{\text{3}}\xlongequal[]{}\text{H}_\text{2}\text{O}＋\text{CO}_{\text{2}}\uparrow$

18.高温煅烧石灰石：$\text{CaCO}_{\text{3}} \xlongequal[]{高温}\text{CaO}＋\text{CO}_{\text{2}}\uparrow$

$\Large{三、几个氧化还原反应}$

19.氢气还原氧化铜：$\text{H}_{\text{2}}＋\text{CuO} \xlongequal[]{\Delta}\text{Cu}＋\text{H}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

20.木炭还原氧化铜：$\text{C}＋\text{2CuO}\xlongequal[]{高温}\text{2Cu}＋\text{CO}_\text{2}\uparrow$

21.焦炭还原氧化铁：$\text{3C}＋\text{2Fe}_{\text{2}}\text{O}_{\text{3}}\xlongequal[]{高温}\text{4Fe}＋\text{3CO}_\text{2}\uparrow$

22.焦炭还原四氧化三铁：$\text{2C}＋\text{Fe}_{\text{3}}\text{O}_{\text{4}}\xlongequal[]{高温}\text{3Fe}＋\text{2CO}_\text{2}\uparrow$

23.一氧化碳还原氧化铜：$\text{CO}＋\text{CuO}\xlongequal[]{\Delta}\text{Cu}＋\text{CO}_\text{2}$

24.一氧化碳还原氧化铁：$\text{3CO}＋\text{Fe}_{\text{2}}\text{O}_{\text{3}}\xlongequal[]{高温}\text{2Fe}＋\text{3CO}_\text{2}$

25.一氧化碳还原四氧化三铁：$\text{4CO}＋\text{Fe}_{\text{3}}\text{O}_{\text{4}}\xlongequal[]{高温}\text{3Fe}＋\text{4CO}_\text{2}$

$\Large{四、单质、氧化物、酸、碱、盐的互相关系}$

$\large{金属单质+酸＝盐+氢气（置换反应）}$

26.锌和稀硫酸：$\text{Zn＋H}_{\text{2}}\text{SO}_{\text{4}} \xlongequal[]{}\text{Zn}\text{SO}_{\text{4}}+\text{H}_{\text{2}}\uparrow$

27.铁和稀硫酸：$\text{Fe＋H}_{\text{2}}\text{SO}_{\text{4}} \xlongequal[]{}\text{Fe}\text{SO}_{\text{4}}+\text{H}_{\text{2}}\uparrow$

28.镁和稀硫酸：$\text{Mg＋H}_{\text{2}}\text{SO}_{\text{4}} \xlongequal[]{}\text{Mg}\text{SO}_{\text{4}}+\text{H}_{\text{2}}\uparrow$

29.铝和稀硫酸：$\text{2Al＋3H}_{\text{2}}\text{SO}_{\text{4}} \xlongequal[]{}\text{Al}_{\text{2}}\text{(SO}_{\text{4}}\text{)}_{\text{3}}+\text{3H}_{\text{2}}\uparrow$

30.锌和稀盐酸：$\text{Zn＋2HCl} \xlongequal[]{}\text{ZnCl}_{\text{2}}+\text{H}_{\text{2}}\uparrow$

31.铁和稀盐酸：$\text{Fe＋2HCl} \xlongequal[]{}\text{FeCl}_{\text{2}}+\text{H}_{\text{2}}\uparrow$

32.镁和稀盐酸：$\text{Mg＋2HCl} \xlongequal[]{}\text{MgCl}_{\text{2}}+\text{H}_{\text{2}}\uparrow$

33.铝和稀盐酸：$\text{2Al＋6HCl} \xlongequal[]{}\text{2AlCl}_{\text{3}}+\text{3H}_{\text{2}}\uparrow$

$\large{金属单质+盐=另一种金属+另一种盐}$

34.铁和硫酸铜：$\text{Fe＋CuSO}_{\text{4}} \xlongequal[]{}\text{Fe}\text{SO}_{\text{4}}+\text{Cu}$

35.锌和硫酸铜：$\text{Zn＋CuSO}_{\text{4}} \xlongequal[]{}\text{Zn}\text{SO}_{\text{4}}+\text{Cu}$

36.铜和硝酸汞：$\text{Cu＋Hg(NO}_{\text{3}}\text{)}_{\text{2}} \xlongequal[]{}\text{Cu(NO}_{\text{3}}\text{)}_{\text{2}}+\text{Hg}$

$\large{碱性氧化物+酸=盐+水}$

37.氧化铁和稀盐酸：$\text{Fe}_{\text{2}}\text{O}_{\text{3}}＋\text{6HCl}\xlongequal[]{}\text{2FeCl}_{\text{3}}＋\text{3H}_\text{2}\text{O}$