物理 [论坛资料室]英语高分句式攻略(非零基础)(二)

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[引言]
你们有没有体验过“明明自己很认真在写,但英语作文分就是上不去”的情况?
引用一句我们英语老师(人称Mr Cash)的话,英语作文批改“要点定档,语言定分”。如果作文中没有让老师眼前一亮的句子,那么很难冲刺顶尖。比如说,满分15分的小作文,即便要点充足,逻辑严谨,也很有可能只拿到10分出头。
所以,我打算汇总英语里面的一些高级句式,帮助高中生(包括较高年级的初中生)英语作文进行升格,让坛友们的英语成绩进一步提升!
当然,如果15分的作文只能拿到七八分的话……那我建议先把要点写全再进行语言升格吧。
好,话不多说,开始吧!
[总目录](加粗部分为本篇内容)
part I 基础知识的高级应用
一、名词性从句
二、定语从句与接续性从句
三、非谓语动词
四、插入语
part II 自带高级属性的知识点
一、倒装句和强调句
二、主语补足语和宾语补足语
三、虚拟语气
四、with结构与独立主格
五、无灵主语
part III 其他
一、初中作文、高中应用文技巧
二、读后续写的固定化套路
part IV 练习
练习
Part II 自带高级属性的知识点(难度:中考到高中课内,★★★)
一、倒装句和强调句
(一)强调句基础
强调句分为两种:
①强调谓语动词
这时可以把谓语动词写成“助动词do+实义动词原型”的形式
这里的助动词do的时态与原句的时态一致
可以这样认为,这里的do体现了动作的时态,而真正的动作改为了动词原型
eg. 1.升格前:I know that the forum has been in danger since the Forum War VIII.
升格后:I do know that the forum has been in danger since the Forum War VIII.
我知道论坛自八战以来已陷于危机。
2.升格前:He was aware of the severe situation of the forum.
升格后:He did be aware of the severe situation of the forum.
他曾意识到了论坛的严峻现状。
②强调其他成分
这时,一般就采用固定结构“it is/was +被强调的部分 + that +原句剩余部分”
看起来有点像定语从句,但两个很关键的点:
第一,不管被强调的部分是单数还是复数,be动词只能用is或者was!
第二,这里的that坚决不能换成who!换成which也极其少见!
不管是主语、宾语、甚至状语,都可以通过这种方式进行强调(当然定语有点难哈)
eg. 升格前:She criticized the situation of the forum after the Forum War VII.
升格后:It was she that criticized the situation of the forum after the Forum War VII.
It was the situation of the forum that she criticized after the Forum War VII.
It was after the Forum War VII that she criticized the situation of the forum.
论坛七战之后,她批评了论坛的现状。
当然以上三个句子强调部分不同,所以想要表达的意思也有差别
具体写作时,要看自己想强调哪一部分,再放到it is/was … that中间哦
(二)强调句的一些特殊应用
实际上,在考场上能写出一般的强调句,已经足够向阅卷老师证明自己的语法水平
但某些固定的含有强调句的结构,能够让句子写得更加出彩
这样的句子一般内部还嵌套有从句,这样使得句子结构更加吸引阅卷老师
最常用的是一个很经典的句型:it was (not) until ..., when ..., that ...
表示“直到……时候才……”
这个结构里面不仅出现了强调句结构,还出现了(not) until表示“直到”,以及when引导的从句(解释成时间状语从句或者定语从句都对)
当然,与一般的(not) until用法相同,当且仅当谓语动词为短暂性动词时,需要加not
eg. 1. 升格前:Several days later, he was banned from posting comments on the forum, and the issue came to an end.
升格后:It was not until several days later, when he was banned from posting comments on the forum, that the issue came to an end.
直到几天之后他被禁止在论坛上发言,这件事情才结束。
2. 升格前:On September 2nd, many users went to school, and the forum was in order again.
升格后:It was until September 2nd, when many users went to school, that the forum was in order again.
直到九月二号,很多用户都去上学了,论坛才恢复了秩序。
(三)倒装句
倒装句指的是为了强调句子中的部分内容,调换句子的部分语序的句子,大体上可以分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种
①全部倒装
指的是将句子结构完全颠倒的倒装类型
比如说,there be句型其实本质上就是完全倒装句,正常的语序是 … be there
这样的句子可以再细分为两种:倒装状语和倒装表语
倒装表语,一般是因为表语太短而主语太长,需要避免句子头重脚轻
结构就是把“主语+系动词+表语”变成了“表语+系动词+主语”
eg. 升格前:The situation where most users choose to bomb others' posts to solve problems instead of asking the manager for help is dangerous.
升格后:Dangerous is the situation where most users choose to bomb others' posts instead of asking the manager for help.
大多数用户选择炸别人的帖子来解决问题,而非向管理员寻求帮助,这种状况是危险的。
倒装状语,一般是为了强调状语,这个句型仅用于主谓结构,谓语动词必然为非及物动词
结构为“状语+谓语+主语”
eg. 升格前:8896 came from xes.
升格后:From xes came 8896.
8896来自学而思。
②部分倒装
部分倒装的结构是将句中的be动词,助动词或情态动词提前,其余部分保持不变
要是觉得难以理解的话,记住一般疑问句使用的就是部分倒装语序,用起来可能会更加易于上手一些
常见的部分倒装通常是将状语置于句首,分为几类:
1.否定词置于句首
eg.升格前:He never gives up fighting for a better forum environment.
升格后:Never/On no account/By no means does he give up fighting for a better forum environment.
他从未放弃为了更好的论坛环境奋斗。
2.so…that置于句首
such…that理论上也可以,但由于不常用,此处就不举例
eg. 升格前:The problem was so serious that the managers could not help but update the forum to solve it.
升格后:So serious was the problem that the managers could not help but update the forum to solve it.
这一问题如此严重,以至于管理员们不得不更新论坛以解决它。
3.only/not only…but also…置于句首
eg1. 升格前:The forum will have a better environment only when everyone in it bears his responsibility to protect it.
升格后:Only when everyone in the forum bears his responsibility to protect it will the forum have a better environment.
只有每个人都承担他保护${}$论坛的责任,论坛环境才会更好。
eg2.升格前:The comments were deleted, and he was banned from posting comments in the forum.
升格后:Not only were the comments deleted, but also he was banned from posting comments in the forum.
不仅评论被删了,而且他${}$被${}$禁${}$止${}$在${}$论${}$坛${}$发言了。
(四)一个特殊的句式(说是倒装句或者强调句都对)
as引导让步状语从句的时候,从句要倒装,将需要强调的部分提前
eg1.升格前:Although he was guilty, many users tried to stop him from being banned from posting comments.
升格后:Guilty as he was, many users tried to stop him from being banned from posting comments.
尽管他有罪,但很多用户努力想让他不被禁言。
eg2. 升格前:Although it develops slowly, it can have a great negative impact on the forum.
升格后:Slowly as it develops, it can have a great negative impact on the forum.
尽管发展的很慢,但它会对论坛造成巨大的负面影响。
eg3. 升格前:Although he might fail, he still spares no effort to make the forum better.
升格后:Fail as he might, he still spares no effort to make the forum better.
尽管他可能失败,他仍然竭尽全力让论坛更好。
五、主语补足语和宾语补足语
(一)主语补足语(以下简称“主补”)
主补是一个非常强的工具,可以看作是非谓语动词的一个进阶版本
如果一个词在句中作主补,那么这个词对主语起补充说明作用
解释补足语在句中的作用,最好的看法是看例句:
eg.升格前:I spent the whole day arguing with others on the forum, and I feel exhausted.
升格后:I spent the whole day arguing with others on the forum exhausted.
我一整天都在论坛上跟别人吵架,感觉很累。
可以注意到,升格后的句子中,exhausted一词就是对主语I状态的一个补充说明,在句中作主补
注意!在这样的句子中,有人可能会想当然地使用副词(如exhaustedly),但是这是不对的!主补一般是形容词!
(二)宾语补足语(以下简称“宾补”)
相对于主补,宾补就更加常用一些,对宾语起补充说明作用,一般可以看作宾语从句的一个升格版本
eg1. 升格前:I think that it is necessary to protect the environment of the forum.
升格后:I think it necessary to protect the environment of the forum.
我觉得保护论坛环境是必要的。
eg2. 升格前:He found that it was difficult to ban novels that were against the rules.
升格后:He found it difficult to ban novels that were against the rules.
他发现禁止违规小说很困难。
这样就起到了简化句子结构的作用,同时也更容易得分
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